Framework for testing human factors and type approval

Automated Driving Systems (ADS) and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) can, if they function properly, make a significant positive contribution to road safety. Safe interaction between the system and the driver is a prerequisite for this. In the past, guidelines have been provided on what such systems should look like and on the conditions they should meet (Kroon et al., 2019, Souman et al., 2021b). However, guidelines do not guarantee that systems, once developed, actually are safe to use or do not introduce issues that compromise safety unintentionally. Examples of ADAS or ADS being used improperly or failing in conditions when the driver expected the system to work adequately have been published (Gold et al.,2016, Merat et al., 2014). There is a need for a testing framework for behavioural effects of systems that manufacturers place in their vehicles. It is however not evident how, and even if, such an assessment framework can be developed. The present report explores the possibilities and obstacles for developing such an assessment framework for ADS and ADAS. The focus for such an assessment framework is on the interaction the system has with the driver.